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Lung segmentation is a process of detection and identification of lung cancer and pneumonia with the help of image processing techniques. Deep learning algorithms can be incorporated to build the computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for detecting or recognizing broad objects like acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), Tuberculosis, Pneumonia, Lung cancer, Covid, and several other respiratory diseases. This paper presents pneumonia detection from lung segmentation using deep learning methods on chest radiography. Chest X-ray is the most useful technique among other existing techniques, due to its lesser cost. The main drawback of a chest x-ray is that it cannot detect all problems in the chest. Thus, implementing convolutional neural networks (CNN) to perform lung segmentation and to obtain correct results. The 'lost' regions of the lungs are reconstructed by an automatic segmentation method from raw images of chest X-ray. © 2022 IEEE.
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Covid – 19 is a sudden unexpected jolt on the functioning of every sector's day-to-day work and dragged everybody to find the best alternative for the automation of processes to enable more work from home. Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is one of such promising technologies which would help in the automation of mundane everyday tasks. With this technology, software robots would be deployed to perform the repetitive tasks done by humans in various sectors. This technology is also sometimes termed software robotics. In this paper, we have studied and discussed about the different tools used for developing software robots, traditional methods of completing the task without RPA being used and also how the task is automated after the use of software robots in various fields, viz., banking, e-commerce, educational institutions, human resources, health care and office. We have also discussed the pros and cons of automating the task using robotic process automation. In short, this paper will give an overview of the emerging technology – RPA. © 2023 Seventh Sense Research Group®
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Introduction: Individuals with intellectual disabilities experience greater difficulties compared to the general population in using masks to protect from SARS-CoV-2 due to inability to understand the need to wear masks, hypersalivation, irritability etc. This study aims to identify the challenges faced by these individuals in using masks and their correlation with the severity of intellectual disability. Methodology: 50 individuals aged 6 to 18 years with intellectual disabilities attending NIEPID were recruited after taking informed consent from the caregivers. Socio-demographic details and difficulties faced while using masks and when their family members wear masks were collected using semi-structured proforma. Data was analyzed using MS Excel and SPSS version 25. Result(s): The mean age of participants was 11.06 years. Male: Female ratio was 1.94:1. Majority (92%) of individuals were having mild to moderate intellectual disabilities. 62% wore masks properly. Irritability (24%) and touching the masks repeatedly (54%) were the commonest mood and behavioral changes noted while wearing masks respectively. Soiling of masks as a result of hypersalivation was a concern in 18% of the cases. The strength of significant correlations between the degree of mental retardation and difficulties faced with mask usage was negligible to low. Discussion(s): 88% and 54% of individuals observed their family members while wearing masks and tried to imitate this behaviour respectively. This can be utilized in training to wear masks. Behavioural issues when family members wear masks place them at a higher risk of contracting covid. Improper fitting of masks was an issue in 30% of the study population and requires exercising caution while selecting masks. Conclusion(s): Insights gained into the challenges faced by individuals with intellectual disabilities while using masks help devise appropriate behavioral interventions to enhance compliance with using masks. Mask tolerance training is essential for preparedness for future pandemics.
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outbreak of corona virus impacted all sector in the world including education sector. As a result of that so many people lost their jobs and mainly students get effected due to lockdown and other factors. And govt also not tackled this kind of situations before. and all the educational institution made some minor changes like bring online mode of education. For that purpose, schools and universities are using various platforms like gmeet, zoom and code Tantra and many more.In this paper we had introduced a new online platform for education that provides new features like we had bring campus placements related features in this app so that it helps student especially who are graduating and help them to get a good career path.
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Human adenovirus serotype 26 (Ad26) is used as a gene-based vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and HIV-1. However, its primary receptor portfolio remains controversial, potentially including sialic acid, coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR), integrins, and CD46. We and others have shown that Ad26 can use CD46, but these observations were questioned on the basis of the inability to cocrystallize Ad26 fiber with CD46. Recent work demonstrated that Ad26 binds CD46 with its hexon protein rather than its fiber. We examined the functional consequences of Ad26 for infection in vitro and in vivo. Ectopic expression of human CD46 on Chinese hamster ovary cells increased Ad26 infection significantly. Deletion of the complement control protein domain CCP1 or CCP2 or the serine-threonine-proline (STP) region of CD46 reduced infection. Comparing wild-type and sialic acid-deficient CHO cells, we show that the usage of CD46 is independent of its sialylation status. Ad26 transduction was increased in CD46 transgenic mice after intramuscular (i.m.) injection but not after intranasal (i.n.) administration. Ad26 transduction was 10-fold lower than Ad5 transduction after intratumoral (i.t.) injection of CD46expressing tumors. Ad26 transduction of liver was 1,000-fold lower than that ofAd5 after intravenous (i.v.) injection. These data demonstrate the use of CD46 by Ad26 in certain situations but also show that the receptor has little consequence by other routes of administration. Finally, i.v. injection of high doses of Ad26 into CD46 mice induced release of liver enzymes into the bloodstream and reduced white blood cell counts but did not induce thrombocytopenia. This suggests that Ad26 virions do not induce direct clotting side effects seen during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination with this serotype of adenovirus. IMPORTANCE The human species D Ad26 is being investigated as a low-seroprevalence vector for oncolytic virotherapy and gene-based vaccination against HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. However, there is debate in the literature about its tropism and receptor utilization, which directly influence its efficiency for certain applications. This work was aimed at determining which receptor(s) this virus uses for infection and its role in virus biology, vaccine efficacy, and, importantly, vaccine safety.
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Daily large amounts of pollutants are released into atmospheredue to many reasons. These emitted pollutants are reason for the increase in pollution. This paper demonstrates the comparison between air pollution before and after Covid-19, analyzes the emissionof different gases yearly and compares the distribution with one another, compares the emission levels in different cities in India and prepares a detailed analysis and analyzes the effect of lockdown on air pollution. Finally, it forecasts the emission of these gases into atmosphere if this lockdown continues.
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The pharmacotherapy in SARS CoV has been a challenge with respect to pediatric SARS CoV 2 infection. The guidelines evolve each day, however there are limited number of studies and trials in children regarding the drugs available, their dosage and their safety profiles. This review article details the drugs that have been tried against SARS CoV 2 infection from a pediatric perspective. The drugs have been classified into 3 main groups: (i) Drugs with antiviral activity like remedesvir, ivermectin and ribavirin that directly act on the virus affecting viral entry, assembly and replication.(ii) Drugs that are immunomodulators like anakinra and interferons which act upon the immune system to modulate the immune response to the virus (iii) Drugs that mitigate the complications like immunoglobulins, glucocorticoids and anticoagulants like aspirin which act at the cytokine release and in treatment of complications like Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome. Pediatric weight loused dosage and safety profiles have been established in other conditions and are being explored in SARS CoV2 infection in these drugs and many drugs are still to establish pediatric doses. (iv) Drugs that have been tried earlier were hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir and azithromycin but have not shown any therapeutic benefit over the course of the pandemic. With the SARS CoV 2 global pandemic causing varied clinical pictures and outcomes in children, that differ from adults, knowledge of the drugs that can be used in children, their safety profile and their dosage is imperative and will guide the way in the future management of pediatric SARS CoV 2 infection.
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The pharmacotherapy in SARS CoV has been a challenge with respect to pediatric SARS CoV 2 infection. The guidelines evolve each day, however there are limited number of studies and trials in children regarding the drugs available, their dosage and their safety profiles. This review article details the drugs that have been tried against SARS CoV 2 infection from a pediatric perspective. The drugs have been classified into 3 main groups: (i) Drugs with antiviral activity like remedesvir, ivermectin and ribavirin that directly act on the virus affecting viral entry, assembly and replication.(ii) Drugs that are immunomodulators like anakinra and interferons which act upon the immune system to modulate the immune response to the virus (iii) Drugs that mitigate the complications like immunoglobulins, glucocorticoids and anticoagulants like aspirin which act at the cytokine release and in treatment of complications like Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome. Pediatric weight loused dosage and safety profiles have been established in other conditions and are being explored in SARS CoV2 infection in these drugs and many drugs are still to establish pediatric doses. (iv) Drugs that have been tried earlier were hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir and azithromycin but have not shown any therapeutic benefit over the course of the pandemic. With the SARS CoV 2 global pandemic causing varied clinical pictures and outcomes in children, that differ from adults, knowledge of the drugs that can be used in children, their safety profile and their dosage is imperative and will guide the way in the future management of pediatric SARS CoV 2 infection. Key Words: Drug therapy, Pediatric COVID infection, Remedesvir, Tocilizumab, IVIG, PIMS and MISC.
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Objective: To assess the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pediatric inpatients with COVID-19, early in the pandemic.